![]() Mac Millan, New Yorkīarghich M, Alderson PG (1983) In vitro culture in cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.). Google Scholarīailey LH (1961) Manual of cultivated plants. Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO, Rugby. Agron Moçamb 6:107–118Īzam-Ali SH, Judge EC (2001) Small-scale cashew nut processing. Euphytica 230:397–404Īscenso JC, Mota MI (1972) Studies on the flower morphology of cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L). Nigerian J Genet 18(1):29–35Īrchak S, Gaikwad AB, Gautam D et al (2003) DNA fingerprinting of Indian cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) varieties using RAPD and ISSR techniques. Silvae Genet 56:170–179Īliyu OM, Awopetu JA (2008) Studies of flowering pattern in cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.). Afr J Biotech 4(6):548–553Īliyu OM, Awopetu JA (2007) Multivariate analysis of cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) germplasm in Nigeria. InTech Open Access Publisher, Rijeka, pp 128–138Īliyu OM, Awopetu JA (2005) In vitro regeneration of hybrid plantlets of cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) through embryo culture. In: Caliskan M (ed) Genetic diversity in plants. Am J Biochem Mol Biol 2(4):200–215Īliyu OM (2012b) Genetic diversity of Nigerian cashew germplasms. Afr J Biotech 4(13):1485–1489Īliyu OM (2012a) Development of the flow cytometric protocol for ploidy analysis and determination of relative nuclear DNA content in cashew ( A. South Indian Hortic 5:153–156Īliyu OM (2005) Application of tissue culture to cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) breeding: an appraisal. Ltd, New DelhiĪiyadurai SG, Koyamu K (1957) Variations in seedling trees of cashew. KeywordsĪbdul Salam M, Peter KV (2010) Cashew, a monograph. The present chapter highlights the propagation methods, improvement through conventional breeding, molecular genetic diversity, molecular breeding and conservation strategies. With the advancements in genetics and molecular biology, genetic engineering has become the primary issue in molecular breeding. Technologies like molecular markers, mutation breeding, molecular breeding, in vitro approach and transgenic breeding and other techniques are expediting the process of analyzing and assessing traits. ![]() A hybridization method has been standardized for breeding cashew varieties. Cashew improvement programs include development of new commercial varieties having dwarf/semi-dwarf canopy, large nut size with higher shelling percentage, higher kernel grade and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Uniform planting materials is a very important input for crop productivity. Evidence of hybrid vigor with an increase of up to 153% in nut yield has been noted as compared to plants derived from out-crossed pollination. ![]() Generally, the gene pool expands through hybridization with different adaptive values, as long as the hybrids are able to produce segregating progeny in subsequent generations. Only, 4–6% of flowers are pollinated and reach maturity to bear fruit, the rest are shed away at various stages of development. The tree bears male (staminate and bisexual), hermaphrodite and pistillate flowers on the same panicle. Low yield is because of lack of soil profile correction, irrigation and pest control and prevalence of orchards of trees grown from seed selections and grafted genotypes. World average productivity stands at 8136 hg/ha, but in most cashew-growing countries production is below the world average. Vietnam ranks first in global production of cashew nuts with shells. ![]() Cashew nut ( Anacardium occidentale L.) is a tropical, cross-pollinating tree native to South America.
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